static and motion graphics

Resolution

For the sake of graphics reproduction, the resolution of a bitmap digital graphics image is a measure of its quality, or the amount of digital information it contains. Resolution is measured by the amount of pixels an image contains in height and width. For professional printed reproduction, the resolution of a bitmap graphics file must be between 1.5 and 2.5 times the resolution of the line screen. [1]

High Resolution

A bitmap image that has a high pixel resolution. Photographic images that have been scanned and that are intended to be used for printed reproduction must be high resolution. Usually defined in terms of 'pixels per inch' (PPI).

It is a relative term. Images that are going to be printed must usually be scanned to a resolution approximating 1.5 times to 2.5 times the intended line screen of the output device. [1]

Low Resolution

The term applied to a bitmap graphics file (usually a photographic image) that is only used for positional purposes, or 'on-screen' display.

The term 'low-resolution' is not an absolute term. A low resolution file is typically 72dpi, at the intended output size and so is generally considered unsuited for printed work as it will probably appear bitmapped or aliased. However, some newspaper or large posters are output at very course line screens and so this size of image is no longer considered 'low-resolution'. [1]

Vector Graphics

A vector is a mathematically calculated method of plotting accurate lines and curves. Unlike bitmap images, it is resolution independent and allows graphics images to be enlarged to any size, without any loss of quality.

Programs such as Adobe Illustrator, Macromedia Freehand, Flash and CorelDraw all use vector graphics formats to save files in, such as EPS, SWF and various CAD file formats. [1]

Raster Graphics, Bitmaps

A bitmap is a pixel-based image file. Each pixel within the image is assigned a colour value creating the final image.

JPEG and GIF imagess are examples of bitmap file types. [3]

A bitmap image is a graphics file that is made up of pixels. It's quality and usable size are defined by the number of pixels per square inch (PPI). In direct contrast to a vector graphic image, bitmap images will lose quality if they are enlarged and gain quality if they are reduced in size. As such, they are resolution dependent.

Photographic images are bitmaps. Many of the most common file formats used professionally by graphic designers, pre-press and web designers are bitmaps. For example, TIFF, JPEG, GIF and native Photoshop PSD files (although these can now combine vector and bitmap information). Some graphics file formats are capable of being either vector or bitmap, for example EPS - Encapsulated Postscript and WMF - Windows Meta Files. [1]

GIF - Graphics Interchange Format

A file format designed specifically for representing graphical images. Graphics file formats can be broadly categorized into bit-mapped formats and vector formats. [2]

The graphic interchange format is a file compression system used to reduce the size of image files. Best used to optimised images containing large areas of flat colour. [3]

GIF images are used extensively on web sites. They are useful because they can be compressed to a very small file size and so are utilised extensively for logos and buttons.

GIFs are made smaller by excluding as many shades of color as possible, whilst still maintaining a reasonable representation of the image. As such they are better for use in flat coloured graphics, such as logos, rather than photographic images. [1]

Animated GIF

A single graphic file that contains a series of images which are displayed sequentially to give the illusion of movement or change over time.

Animation is best used sparingly on text intensive webpages. Movement may add a dynamic feel to content but also distracts the user from reading text on the page.

Repetitive animation is often (legitimately) compared to the flickering of a failing flourescent tube. [3]

As the name implies, an animated gif is a moving version of the Graphics Interchange Format that is used extensively on the web for logos and flat color images.

Animated gifs can be built with image editing programs such as Photoshop, by putting different elements together on layers, tweening them together and then exporting the graphic as an animated gif via Adobe ImageReady. [1]

BMP

The standard bit-mapped graphics format used in the Windows environment. By convention, graphics files in the BMP format end with a.BMP extension.

BMP files store graphics in a format called device-independent bitmap (DIB). [2]

EPS - Encapsulated PostScript

Abbreviation of Encapsulated PostScript. Pronounced as separate letters, EPS is the graphics file format used by the PostScript language.

EPS files can be either binary or ASCII. The term EPS usually implies that the file contains a bit-mapped representation of the graphics for display purposes. In contrast, PostScript files include only the PostScript commands for printing the graphic. [2]

An Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) file is a self-contained PostScript graphic file that contains vector image data. The 'Encapsulated' part means that graphics applications, such as Adobe Illustrator, Freehand and CorelDraw can use the information to lay out a page.

In practice, what this means for designers, is that line art drawings made in programs such as Illustrator and Freehand can be saved, exported and printed as PostScript files. An EPS graphic file has the advantage of all vector images, in that it can be enlarged to any size, without a loss of quality. However, it should be noted that it is also possible to have imported bitmap images embedded in, or saved as, EPS file formats. Theses graphics will lose visual quality as they are expanded in size. [1]

PNG - Portable Network Graphics

Short for Portable Network Graphics, and pronounced ping, a new bit-mapped graphics format similar to GIF. In fact, PNG was approved as a standard by the World Wide Web consortium to replace GIF because GIF uses a patented data compression algorithm called LZW. In contrast, PNG is completely patent- and license-free. The most recent versions of Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer now support PNG. [2]

A PNG is a bitmap image file format. The PNG format was developed as a patent-free replacement to the GIF format created by CompuServ in 1989 (as in the 'GIF 89A' export function in early versions of Photoshop).

The new standard supports a range of features not available in the GIF format:

  • alpha transparency: allowing 'clean' matting against colour backgrounds and image-wide opacity
  • gamma and chromaticity correction: information about the originating platform is stored in the image file allowing it to compensate for a range of displays
  • metadata: the file can contain text information on the image title, author, description and copyright
  • smaller file size: PNG files average 30% smaller than their index colour GIF counterparts, and 30-40% than the equivalent RGB TIFF
  • quicker display: due to an advanced interlacing scheme a preview of a PNG image is available after downloading on 1/64th of the image data compared with 1/8th for GIF files

The PNG format is best suited for images containing large areas of flat colour. It is not suitable as a file type for photographic images. (For photographic images prefer the use of the JPEG format.) [3]

JPEG, JPG - Joint Photographic Experts Group

JPEG is a type of file format used to compress the size of images. The downside is that there is some loss of quality in a JPEG image. This can be limited by using a high quality setting, but this results in a larger file size.

JPEGs are used less in graphic design for print these days, due to the relative cheapness of large storage devices, such as hard disks, CDs and portable hard disks. The JPEG format is largely used to keep the file size of web images (especially photographic images) down, to enable faster downloads. [1]

A JPEG is a file format used to reduce the file size of an image. It is best used to compress photographic or continuous tone imagery. (For images that use flat-colours and where maintaining a consistent hue is important, GIF or PNG file formats should be used.)

The JPEG format uses an algorithm to average the colour values across an image. Averaging the colour values reduces the number of instructions required by the computer to recreate the image and the fewer instructions, the smaller the file size.

Compression
When the JPEG algorithm is applied, the tonal range of the image is reduced (or 'compressed'). In a black-and-white photograph, the 100% white highlights and 100% black shadows are clipped. The new, compressed colour values vary, depending on amount of compression applied.

Image 'quality'
In graphics programs, how much an image is compressed is referred to in terms of 'quality', either as percentage scale (e.g. 100%-0%) or descriptions such as 'best', 'better', 'good', etc. The higher the quality the larger the file size and the better the image reproduction.

100% quality/'best' quality = no compression = larger file size
0% quality/'good' quality = maximum compression = smaller file size [3]

TIFF - Tagged Image File Format

A TIFF file is a cross-platform graphics file format that is very highly used in graphic arts. In fact it was specifically designed for cross-platform compatibility and this has helped it become a very popular file format, especially for high-resolution pre-press files.

Like the EPS file format, TIFF files have the ability to saved digital image information as CMYK and this has led both these formats to become the de-facto standard for print design.

Unlike EPS files, ordinary TIFFs are purely bitmap files and could not, until recently, contain vector data. Recently, however, there has been the emergence of the enhanced TIFF file format, which not only supports fonts and other vector drawing information, but also supports Photoshop layers and transparency.

The features of advanced TIFF files are extremely useful, especially when importing into a DTP package such as QuarkXpress for layout design. However, it is advisable to check with the intended pre-press bureau or print supplier, before submitting files in this format. Most printers will still prefer Photoshop files to be flattened before outputting them to an imagesetter.

Additionally, recent versions of InDesign and QuarkXpress now support importing layered Photoshop files (PSD) and so the use of layered TIFF files is slightly questionable. [1]

Fireworks

Macromedia Fireworks is web graphics design tool. Fireworks can combine vector and bitmap graphics within the same illustration and is used extensively to build web site buttons and layout graphics for web templates.

It is similar to Adobe ImageReady, in that it has a number of effecti8ve tools for optimizing graphics and reducing file sizes. Fireworks is also capable of creating animated gifs and rollovers for web buttons.

Fireworks lacks support for CMYK and other print functions and so is limited to creating graphics for web site design. [1]

Freehand

Macromedia Freehand is a vector based illustration program, that is used by graphic designers to produce illustrations, charts, maps and logos. Freehand has always lived in the shadow of its more popular rival from Adobe, Illustrator.

Now that Adobe has bought Macromedia, it remains to be seen what future Freehand has in the digital illustration market. [1]

Illustrator

Adobe Illustrator is a vector-based drawing program. It is used to create print quality line-art drawings, such as logos, illustrations and maps. Its only major rivals are Freehand, from Macromedia and Corel Draw.

Although it uses its own proprietary file format, .ai, Adobe Illustrator can also save files in .EPS format for importing into page layout programs such as QuarkXpress and Adobe InDesign. [1]

Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop is the graphics industry's standard photographic image manipulation program. Developed originally for Photographers and high-end photo retouchers, Photoshop is now used by practically every single design agency in the World and has few, if any, professional rivals (but see Photoshop alternatives).

Adobe Photoshop can be used to create separated print quality bitmap graphics, and also optimize low resolution digital images for use on the web. It comes bundled with ImageReady, which is a web specific graphics package, capable of more precise web graphics optimization than Photoshop. [1]

QuarkXpress

The longest running and certainly the most popular of the professional desktop publishing page layout packages. QuarkXpress has been the primary layout design application, since it swept Pagemaker aside in the 1990's, as the publishing package of choice amongst designers.

Although it has been getting stiff competition from Adobe's InDesign in recent years, QuarkXpress still has a very large installed user base. It also has the advantage of years of experience and third party plugin products, called Xtensions, that enhance the product's capabilities.

The program itself is actually called Xpress (often misspelled as Quark Express), Quark is the company name. [1]

Image Enhancement

In computer graphics, the process of improving the quality of a digitally stored image by manipulating the image with software. It is quite easy, for example, to make an image lighter or darker, or to increase or decrease contrast. Advanced image enhancement software also supports many filters for altering images in various ways. Programs specialized for image enhancement are sometimes called image editors. [2]

Color Matching

The process of assuring that a color on one medium remains the same when converted to another medium. This is extremely difficult because different media use different color models. Color monitors, for example, use the RGB model, whereas process printing uses the CMYK model. As color desktop publishing matures, color matching is gaining more and more attention. The most recent Windows and Macintosh operating systems include a color management system (CMS) to assist in color matching. [2]

Image Editing

Image editing encompasses the processes of altering images, whether they be digital photographs, traditional analog photographs, or illustrations. Before digital scanners and cameras became mainstream, traditional analog image editing was known as photo retouching, using tools such as an airbrush to modify photographs, or editing illustrations with any traditional art medium. However, since the advent of digital images, analog image editing has become largely obsolete. Graphic software programs, which can be broadly grouped into vector graphics editors, raster graphics editors, and 3d modelers, are the primary tools with which a user may manipulate, enhance, and transform images. Many image editing programs are also used to render or create computer art from scratch. [5]

Image Manipulation

Image manipulation is the process of creating a new or modified version of the image from one or more originals using image editing software. It can include removing or adding objects, changing colours or tones and changing backgrounds, in fact almost anything can be achieved. Most times it is not obvious that an image has been manipulated, however, a trained eye may usually spot the changes.

Restoration

Photo restoration is the process of removing scratches and fixing tears by digital image editing tools. During the photo restoration process, old and dull photographs can be brought back to life through careful digital and image manipulation.

Image restoration (sometimes known as deblurring or deconvolution) is the process of reconstructing or estimating the true image from the degraded one. This process removes or minimizes some known degradations in an image.

Image Optimisation

For imagery, optimisation involves choosing a suitable graphic compression format. Compression reduces the image filesize and consequently the time it takes to download and display in a browser. Common compression types include GIF, JPEG and PNG. Many compression formats reduce filesize by removing information from the image (downsampling). For example, the JPEG format reduces overall tonal range to reduce filesize - reducing the tonal range means that highlights and shadows become less pronounced.

Reducing the number, and filesize of the images can be a significant issue for websites with large subscriber bases such as news sites. Site owners are charged for the amount of information (data) downloaded from their sites (traffic). The more popular the site and larger the images the greater the traffic costs. [3]

Rich Media

Media with more than text and images , using sounds, video and special effects via programs such as Flash and Shockwave, and often some interactive capabilities. [6]

Multimedia

The use of computers to present text, graphics, video, animation, and sound in an integrated way. Long touted as the future revolution in computing, multimedia applications were, until the mid-90s, uncommon due to the expensive hardware required. With increases in performance and decreases in price, however, multimedia is now commonplace. Nearly all PCs are capable of displaying video, though the resolution available depends on the power of the computer's video adapter and CPU. [2]

Multimedia design is a somewhat all-inclusive term. It became fashionable in the early days of CD-ROMs and now can be assigned to any type of graphic design that has an interactive design element or involves 3D or animation.

Multimedia applications can include Flash, Director and a number of 3D design packages. [1]

Plug-in

A plugin (or plug-in) is a computer program that can, or must, interact with another program to provide a certain, usually very specific, function. Typical examples are plugins to display specific graphic formats (e.g., SVG if the browser doesn't support this format natively), to play multimedia files, to encrypt/decrypt email (e.g., PGP), or to filter images in graphic programs. [6]

Java Applet

An applet is a small Internet-based program written in Java, a programming language for the Web, which can be downloaded by any computer. The applet is also able to run in HTML. The applet is usually embedded in an HTML page on a Web site and can be executed from within a browser. [2]

Flash

Flash is a multimedia program developed by software developer Macromedia (who were recently bought by Adobe). Its initial primary purpose was to enable animated images to be small enough in file size, so as to download quickly over the internet. Flash achieved this by using vector graphics to build its animations, as opposed to bitmap animation.

Flash has quickly developed into a full-blown vector animation program. With the growth of broadband, some web designers are using Flash to create whole web sites, with embedded video graphics, games and other complicated interactive features. Interactivity is built into Flash, by web developers, using a form of scripting called ActionScript. [1]

Flash elements can include simple text or button animations, scrolling text, slide show pictures and even flash movies, complete with sound. Flash is not appropriate for all web sites as it can only be viewed in a linear fashion and therefore may restrict a visitor's interactivity with the web site. Also, many flash elements take time to load and require a special plug in to be installed on a user's computer before they can be viewed [8]

Shockwave

A technology developed by Macromedia, Inc. that enables Web pages to include multimedia objects. To create a shockwave object, you use Macromedia's multimedia authoring tool called Director, and then compress the object with a program called Afterburner. You then insert a reference to the "shocked" file in your Web page. To see a Shockwave object, you need the Shockwave plug-in, a program that integrates seamlessly with your Web browser. The plug-in is freely available from Macromedia's Web site as either a Netscape Navigator plug-in or an ActiveX control.

Shockwave supports audio, animation, video and even processes user actions such as mouse clicks. It runs on all Windows platforms as well as the Macintosh. [2]

QuickTime

QuickTime is Apple Computer's proprietary video display technology that is built into all Macintosh computers and is popular on PCs also, for displaying and editing moving graphics. [1]

Real Media

Plugin for web browsers that enables correctly encoded video and sound files to be played over the internet. [1]

ActiveX

ActiveX is propriety Microsoft technology, based upon an earlier technology called Component Object Model (COM), which enables the deployment of Windows programs over the internet. With the Internet Explorer browser, under Windows, ActiveX controls can be downloaded alongside a web page. ActiveX adds interactive functionality, for Windows users, in a similar way to Java applets or animation in a similar way to Flash. [1]

Applet

An applet is a kind of mini application that can be downloaded over the internet and launched on the user's computer. [1]

MPEG - Motion Picture Experts Group

Sometimes also refered to as Moving Picture Experts Group, MPEGs are video graphics file formats. They offer compression so that video graphics and audio sound can be distributed over the internet at a smaller file size and so take up far less bandwidth than full motion video would.

There are numerous variations of MPEG, including MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4. Not all are supported by every video editing package or video playing software. [1]

MP3

The name of the file extension and also the name of the type of file for MPEG, audio layer 3. Layer 3 is one of three coding schemes (layer 1, layer 2 and layer 3) for the compression of audio signals. Layer 3 uses perceptual audio coding and psychoacoustic compression to remove all superfluous information (more specifically, the redundant and irrelevant parts of a sound signal. The stuff the human ear doesn't hear anyway). It also adds a MDCT (Modified Discrete Cosine Transform) that implements a filter bank, increasing the frequency resolution 18 times higher than that of layer 2.

The result in real terms is layer 3 shrinks the original sound data from a CD (with a bit rate of 1411.2 kilobits per one second of stereo music) by a factor of 12 (down to 112-128kbps) without sacrificing sound quality.

Because MP3 files are small, they can easily be transferred across the Internet. [2]

MPEG-4

A graphics and video lossy compression algorithm standard that is based on MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 and Apple QuickTime technology. Wavelet-based MPEG-4 files are smaller than JPEG or QuickTime files, so they are designed to transmit video and images over a narrower bandwidth and can mix video with text, graphics and 2-D and 3-D animation layers. Wavelet technology can compress color images at rates of 20:1 up to 300:1 and grayscale images at 20:1 to 50:1. MPEG-4 was standardized in October 1998 in the ISO/IEC document 14496. [2]

AAF - Advanced Authoring Format

Short for Advanced Authoring Format, a multimedia file format introduced by Microsoft in 1998. The goal of AAF is to provide a common file format that multimedia authoring applications can use so that it's possible to develop a multimedia presentation in one application and then edit it in a second application. This will allow designers to use a variety of different tools when creating multimedia content without needing to worry about converting files from one format to another. Whether AAF ultimately achieves this goal will depend on whether the software companies that develop authoring tools adopt AAF. [2]

PDF - Portable Document Format

A file format developed by Adobe Systems which captures formatting information from a variety of desktop publishing applications, making it possible to send formatted documents and have them appear on the recipient's monitor or printer as they were intended. To view a file in PDF format, you need Adobe Reader, a free application distributed by Adobe Systems. PDF files can be accessed on websites via hyperlinks. [8]

GoLive

Adobe GoLive is a WYSIWYG web design and web site development application. Originally called CyberStudio, GoLive is Adobe's main rival to Dreamweaver. [1]

Authorware

Authorware Macromedia's software, the leading tool for web-based multimedia and learning, a special plugin (Shockwave) is required to view such sites.

3D Studio Max

3D Studio Max is a Windows only 3D modeling and animation software application. It is used extensively in computer games rendering and modeling. [1]

Pre-production

In digital video, photography, television and film, post-production refers to the tasks that must be completed or executed after the filming or shooting ends. This includes tasks such as the editing of raw footage to cut scenes, insert transition effects, working with voice and sound actors, and dubbing, to name a few of the many pre-production tasks. Post-production is the third and final step in film creation. It follows the pre-production and production phases. [2]

Post-production

In digital video, photography, television and film, pre-production refers to the tasks that must be completed or executed before filming or shooting begins. This includes tasks such as hiring actors or models, building sets, budgeting, planning, scheduling, renting equipment and tests, to name a few of the many pre-production tasks. [2]

Animation

A simulation of movement created by displaying a series of pictures, or frames. Cartoons on television is one example of animation. Animation on computers is one of the chief ingredients of multimedia presentations. There are many software applications that enable you to create animations that you can display on a computer monitor.

Note the difference between animation and video. Whereas video takes continuous motion and breaks it up into discrete frames, animation starts with independent pictures and puts them together to form the illusion of continuous motion. [2]

E-card

An e-card' is similar to a postcard or greeting card, with the primary difference being it is created using digital media instead of paper or other traditional materials.

E-cards are digital "content", which makes them much more versatile than traditional greeting cards. For example unlike traditional greetings, e-cards can be easily sent to many people at once or extensively personalized by the sender. Conceivably they could be saved to any computer or electronic device or even viewed on a television set, however E-card digital content has not yet progressed as far as digital video or digital audio in terms of varied usage. [5]

Streaming

A technique for transferring data such that it can be processed as a steady and continuous stream. Streaming technologies are becoming increasingly important with the growth of the Internet because most users do not have fast enough access to download large multimedia files quickly. With streaming, the client browser or plug-in can start displaying the data before the entire file has been transmitted.

For streaming to work, the client side receiving the data must be able to collect the data and send it as a steady stream to the application that is processing the data and converting it to sound or pictures. This means that if the streaming client receives the data more quickly than required, it needs to save the excess data in a buffer. If the data doesn't come quickly enough, however, the presentation of the data will not be smooth.

There are a number of competing streaming technologies emerging. For audio data on the Internet, the de facto standard is Progressive Network's RealAudio. [2]

Video Transition

In video editing a transition is what the author shows between two shots or clips. The joining of those clips is the transition from one to the other. Transitions can be an instant scene or image change, a fade, fade to black, dissolve, pan from one person to another, or any digital effect. [2]

Video Editing

The process of manipulating video images. Once the province of expensive machines called video editors, video editing software is now available for personal computers and workstations. Video editing includes cutting segments (trimming), re-sequencing clips, and adding transitions and other special effects. [2]

Non-linear Editing

In digital video editing, non-linear editing is a method that allows you to access any frame in a digital video clip regardless of sequence in the clip. The freedom to access any frame, and use a cut-and-paste method, similar to the ease of cutting and pasting text in a word processor, and allows you to easily include fades, transitions, and other effects that cannot be achieved with linear editing. [2]

Video Encoding

In video editing and production video encoding is the process of preparing the video for output, where the digital video is encoded to meet proper formats and specifications for recording and playback through the use of video encoder software. Also called video conversion. [2]

Sampling

Sampling is the key technique used to digitize analog information. For example, music CDs are produced by sampling live sound at frequent intervals and then digitizing each sample. The term sampling is also used to describe a similar process in digital photography.

OR A technique used to capture continuous phenomena, whereby periodic snapshots are taken. If the sampling rate is fast enough, the human sensory organs cannot discern the gaps between each snapshot when they are played back. This is the principle behind motion pictures. [2]

Compositing

In video terminology, compositing is the merging of two video tracks in order to produce a new single image frame from the combined tracks. The term may also be used to describe the overlaying of text and titles on video clips.

OR In graphics, compositing is the process of superimposing one image over top of another image, combined they create one new single image. [2]

Raw Footage

The original unedited footage that is captured while shooting. Also called source video. [2]

CD/DVD-based Multimedia

When thinking of computer-based publishing, print-based DTP and web-based design immediately spring to mind, but there's another medium that is easily forgotten and seriously undervalued - CD-based publishing. After all, just about every desktop system has come with a CD reader for many years now so the potential audience is vast (arguably larger than the total web audience). And with each CD providing an impressive 640-700MB of high-speed storage costing just a few pence, the publishing benefits are unarguable. And the possibilities - training resources, design portfolios, college prospectuses, photo slideshows, local guides, business reports, educational games - are endless. [11]

The following are some examples of CD based multimedia applications.

  • Presenting company profile on a CD featuring video clips.
  • The Talking Brochure that customers can easily distribute to their colleagues.
  • Interactive presentations for the customer to navigate in their own way, and view at their own pace.
  • Easily updateable product catalogue.
  • Interactive training programmes or knowledge based applications for learning purposes.
Web-based Multimedia

The Web has turned into a primary resource for delivery of multimedia-rich material, and multimedia and the Web reflects this development throughout. With the advent of broadband, web-based multimedia applications are widely used over the internet. This highly interactive web content, built using specialised multimedia authoring techniques, opens up new levels of communication.

Examples of web-based multimedia:

  • Streaming Video is a sequence of "moving images" that are sent in compressed form over the Internet and displayed by the viewer as they arrive. Usually streaming works by downloading an initial portion of the file, known as a buffer, into the user's viewer or player where the application begins playback of the file whilst the remainder downloads.
  • Streaming Audio, likewise streaming video, is the capability to begin playing audio before it has fully downloaded from the server so that is plays in "real-time."
  • Webcast is a live media file distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology. Essentially, webcasting is broadcasting over the Internet.
  • Podcast is a digital media file, or a series of such files, that is distributed over the Internet using syndication feeds for playback on portable media players and personal computers.
  • Vidcast or Vodcast (Video podcast) is a term used for the online delivery of video on demand video clip content via Atom or RSS enclosures.
  • Screencast is a digital recording of computer screen output, also known as a video screen capture, often containing audio narration.
  • Flash Video (FLV) is a proprietary file format used to deliver video over the Internet using Adobe Flash Player (formerly known as Macromedia Flash Player) version 6, 7, 8, or 9. Flash Video content may also be embedded within SWF files.
  • Video Magazine is a digital form of magazine published on web, CD or DVD. Rather than producing content in the form of written articles and still photos destined for print, video magazine publishes content as video segments. In some cases it may be cost effective to deliver digitally and also provides the opportunity to integrate other forms of media like sound and animation.
  • Vox Pop is the 'Voice of the People'. They are made up of many responses to the same question. Vox pops are a quick way to gauge public opinion on an issue. They can be serious or just fun.
  • Webisode is an episode of a television show that airs initially as an Internet download or stream as opposed to first airing on broadcast or cable television.
  • Internet Radio (e-Radio) is an audio broadcasting service transmitted via the Internet.
[5]

References: [1]www.designtalkboard.com [2]www.webopedia.com [3]www.motive.co.nz [4]www.joedolson.com [5]www.wikipedia.org [6]www.beseenwebdesign.com [7]www.launchmark.com [8]www.101webbuilders.com [9]www.answers.com [10]www.usabilityfirst.com [11]www.designer-info.com

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